Which of the following describes the operational principle of conventional RADAR?

The operational principle of conventional RADAR is accurately described by the emission and reflection of radio waves. This technology works by transmitting radio waves from an antenna towards an object. When these waves encounter an object, they bounce back to the RADAR system, where the time it takes for the waves to return is measured. This time can be translated into distance, allowing the RADAR system to determine the position and sometimes the speed of the object.

Unlike laser-based detection, which falls under LIDAR technologies, conventional RADAR relies on the use of longer wavelength radio waves, making it effective in various weather conditions and capable of detecting objects at significant distances. Similarly, measurement of infrared signals pertains to different detection methods, often associated with thermal imaging or LIDAR, rather than RADAR. Finally, sonar technology is based on sound waves and operates in different media (typically underwater), making it distinct from the radio wave mechanisms employed by RADAR systems. Thus, the correct choice underscores the fundamental operating principle of RADAR technology.