Which frequency band is typically used for weather RADAR systems?

The S-Band is typically used for weather RADAR systems due to its specific characteristics that make it well-suited for detecting precipitation and other meteorological phenomena. This frequency band operates in the range of approximately 2 to 4 GHz, which allows for better penetration through heavy rainfall and the ability to detect larger precipitation particles effectively. Its wavelength also enables it to provide good range resolution while minimizing the effects of attenuation caused by rain and other obstacles.

In contrast, while the other bands listed are used for various applications, they may not be as effective for weather radar. For instance, the X-Band is often used for higher resolution imaging but can suffer more from attenuation in heavy rainfall. The K-Band, which operates at higher frequencies, is also more prone to attenuation and is generally used in specialized applications rather than broad meteorological observations. The C-Band, while used in some weather RADAR systems, is less common than the S-Band when it comes to general weather monitoring due to its balance of range and precipitation detection capabilities.